Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis & Laser Assisted Hatching
Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) and Laser Assisted Hatching (LAH) are two pioneering technologies used in the field of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). These procedures help identify healthy embryos before implantation, significantly increasing the chances of a successful and healthy pregnancy. Both methods have revolutionized fertility treatments by empowering couples with advanced choices to ensure the best outcome for their family.
This page provides an in-depth look at the science, techniques, benefits, and indications of PGD and LAH for patients considering assisted reproduction.
What is Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)?
PGD is a laboratory procedure performed during an IVF cycle to detect genetic defects in embryos prior to their transfer into the uterus. The primary goal is to prevent certain inherited diseases or chromosomal abnormalities from being passed on to the offspring. By screening embryos at this early stage, only embryos with the correct genetic makeup are selected for transfer, drastically reducing the risk of genetic disease in the child.
Indications for PGD:
- Known carriers of genetic or chromosomal disorders (e.g., Thalassemia, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, BRCA gene mutations, Down syndrome risk).
- Couples with a history of recurrent miscarriages due to chromosomal abnormalities.
- Previous child or pregnancy with genetic disorder.
- Advanced maternal age (typically over 35), where there is a higher chance of chromosomal abnormalities.
- Repeated failed IVF cycles—where embryo quality may be a concern.
PGD improves emotional and financial outcomes by identifying the healthiest embryos, helping families move forward with greater confidence and peace of mind.
Types of Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
PGD can be performed in two ways: Invasive & Non-Invasive
Invasive PGD (Trophectoderm Biopsy)
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Procedure: On Day 5 or 6 of embryo development (blastocyst stage), 3–5 cells are gently removed from the trophectoderm (outer cell layer that forms placenta) using precision instruments and laser. The embryo is then placed back in the incubator, while the cells are analyzed for genetic information.
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Accuracy: High, as the actual embryonic tissue is tested. Used worldwide for reliable detection of chromosomal and single gene disorders.
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Risks: Very low; procedure is well established and embryos usually continue to develop normally.
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Limitations: Slight risk of embryo damage, requires skilled embryologists and specialized lab infrastructure.
Non-Invasive PGD (Spent Culture Media)
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Procedure: Instead of removing cells from the embryo, the DNA secreted by the embryo into the surrounding culture media is collected and analyzed. This method is completely non-touch, reducing any risk to the embryo.
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Benefits: Extremely safe, no direct manipulation of the embryo, can be repeated if required.
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Progress: Latest research has shown promising results; as technology improves, the accuracy is approaching that of invasive biopsy.
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Current Use: Ideal for patients wanting absolutely no physical interference with embryo, or for those with only a limited number of embryos available.
Both types aim for the same goal: healthy embryos, healthy pregnancies, and healthy babies.
What is Laser Assisted Hatching?
Laser Assisted Hatching (LAH) is a technique used to gently thin or open the outer covering (zona pellucida) of an embryo using a finely focused laser. This assists the embryo in "hatching" out of its shell, a necessary process before it can implant in the uterine lining.
- Why is it needed? Sometimes, embryos especially those from older women, women with repeated IVF failures, or embryos with a thick zona pellucida, struggle to hatch naturally. LAH provides a safe, precise, and controlled method to help the embryo complete this crucial step.
- How is it done? The embryo remains in a special dish under a microscope. A computer-controlled laser beam creates a small opening or thins the zona without harming the embryo.
- When is it done? Just before the embryo transfer process in the laboratory.
- Benefits: Increases chances of implantation and pregnancy, especially in selected patients.
Studies have shown that LAH can significantly improve success rates in women over 37 years of age, frozen-thawed embryos, or those with previously failed attempts.
Benefits & Applications of PGD and LAH
- Enables couples carrying genetic disorders to have healthy, disease-free children.
- Reduces the risk of inherited conditions, preventing emotional and physical suffering.
- Increases implantation rates in IVF cycles.
- Personalized treatment approach for each couple according to their history and needs.
- Minimizes repeated cycles and failed pregnancies, saving time, money and stress.
- Provides advanced hope to couples with previously failed IVF attempts or advanced maternal age.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Is PGD safe for the embryo?
Yes—when performed by experienced teams, PGD (especially at the blastocyst stage) shows no difference in birth outcomes compared to standard IVF.
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Is LAH painful or risky for the embryo?
No—LAH is contactless (laser never touches embryo) and does not damage genetic material.
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Will this guarantee a baby?
While these technologies improve success rates, no guarantee exists in any fertility treatment. They give you a better chance by optimizing embryo selection and implantation.
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How much does it cost?
Costs vary per center and patient need; please consult your fertility specialist for a customized estimate.
For More Information
For more details, personalized suggestions, or to book a consultation for PGD or Laser Assisted Hatching, contact your IVF specialist today or visit our clinic's website. Success, safety, and healthy families are our primary focus.
